Ours cР?С?РчР? Barbados.
Ours cп?я п п? Barbados.
If there was a tradition bell blows
To see off the dying states, as the ships -
On a sea-bottom, the XX-th century would become deaf from mourning copper.
One empires for a century it is buried already six:
Ottomansky and Austro-Hungarian (after the first
World war), British and French
(After the second), Soviet and Yugoslavian
(After "cold war").
And still litavry rattled more often: at the beginning of the century of the independent states
Was 57, by the end there will be all two hundred. And hardly it is the ending, considering, that
On the Earth more than 3 thousand officially recognised ethnoses, and with not recognised
And all 5 thousand. Ethnos definition - science business, but the politician, as a rule,
Follows on heels: recognised today "ethnos" the right tomorrow asks
To be called as "people", still a step - and already "the title nation in territory
Ancestors "...
From the forgotten history: when already all countries have passed to the ships with
Lowered palubnostju for the sake of them bolshej stability on water, Ottomansky
mperija obstinately continued to build the fleet "adjusted for a tarboosh". It
Has preferred to be lost, but and has not removed it from a head!.
The history repeats. Unless tarbooshes others.
We live on... Islands.
Kind thirty years ago in a world science and the politician it is independent
Have from each other ripened two events which subsequently have strange incorporated.
In a science there was a concept "hydrospace". The Deputy director
The national centre of oceanographic researches of France Claude Riffo
Has deciphered to me it so:
- After development of a nuclear energy and conquest of space of the most urgent
And use of resources becomes perspective care of mankind
The World ocean as source of any life on the Earth. It occupies 71
Percent of a surface of a planet, volume of its water weights in eighteen times
Exceeds the volume of continents located above sea level. Differently,
We, people, live on islands!
Almost simultaneously with oceanography this formula was included and into a policy,
Becoming a part of history of 60th years - epoch of wreck world colonial
Systems. Applause in the United Nations sounded equally loudly that in honour of a birth
Independent Congo, that on the occasion of declaration of independent Barbados.
Between gulliverami and the Liliputians who have broken off colonial puty,
Essentially did not become differences.
Once, even before war, the League of the nations has refused to accept in the numbers
Iceland on the ground that it is "island-nation". Obvious
Injustice. It was corrected by the United Nations Organization after war,
Having referred to the same principle, but already in opposite sense. For
Iceland others have followed "the big islands": Japan, Indonesia,
Madagascar. The turn of "averages" has approached: Cyprus was the first. From Malta,
Released from the British protectorate in 1964, U.N. doors
Have swung open already and for "small" islands-nations. Then this principle
Operated already by means of the dwarfish lobby which has developed in the United Nations.
Only in 90th years the international diplomacy has realised, that the woken
The ethnic Renaissance threatens with sharp change of a world order to bases
The multinational states. One nice island in Pacific ocean, on
Which live 14 thousand persons, a referendum has approved "the antinuclear
The constitution "though anything in its history of an occasion to it did not give, and there and then
Has planned a referendum about reception in the United Nations. About ten years ago the outcome would be
It is predetermined. Now the island demand waits for the turn. But why the smaller
It is possible for dwarfs, and those who is more, like the Chechen Republic or Kosovo, it is impossible?
Explanation, that that - island with the finished process national
Tribe formation, and it is a part of "overland" federation with mixed
The multinational population, the last cannot satisfy.
Such idea expressed also: instead of whether to create the IT "for kids"? But
Only imagine a day nursery for dwarfs, whence an exit in "society"
It is limited, and the prospect for growth is not present - than not a reservation?
Today in the world 22 states-dwarfs. Check up itself: Andorra,
Vatican, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, San Marino, Malta... If you
Not the champion of crossword puzzles, further you are at a loss. In this European
To the seven only one state - island: Republic Malta in Mediterranean
The sea. Other sixteen powers-Liliputians are disseminated on open spaces
The World ocean. Almost in each of them the radical ethnos is mixed with
Descendants of the slaves delivered still by colonizers, with migrants of the latest
Epoch, mulattos and metises. Neighbours are not present. Borders are not present. Border conflicts
Nevertheless happen, if in a 200-mile coastal zone suddenly will swim away
Unknown vessel. And more one general sign: as a rule, all these powers
- The former colonies which have hardly defended the right to independence.
Let's begin with Caribbean basin - West Indies as has by mistake named
This area the lost the way Christopher Columbus. Here original kolumbary
The island nations: whole seven. Three of them prosper. Saint Lucia, "island
Honeymoons ", builds the economy on attraction of the rich
Newly-married couple. Besides, this country managed to invite to the constant
Residence of two Nobel winners. The two-island state
Saint Christopher and Nevis involves rich men with platforms for a golf, and
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines successfully advertise itself as "paradise for
Billionaires ". Having exposed mother country a door, the former colonies there and then have let in
It in a window. Unless "mother country" - concept is not so much now
Geographical, how much the cosmopolitan.
Other Caribbean dwarfs completely depend on tourism and world
Conjuncture on bananas, cocoa, rum. Barbados involved on the beaches to
400 thousand tourists a year but since on island AIDS was found out,
Have begun black Grenada, having released from colonial guardianship of England,
Five years suffered a despotic mode "the national liberator" Eric
Gary while its mode popular uprising is not dared. The new president, Moris
Bishop who was considered as follower Fidel Castro, also has been killed in 1983
To year and then Ronald Reagan has set on island of the marines who have rescued
Local democracy. Dominican republic where the president "mum corrects
Evgenie "," the iron lady of Caribbean basin ", is famous for the juicy
Laws, for example: the Dominicans who have married foreigners,
Lose citizenship and the right to return home. At last, Republic
Antigua and Barbuda where ruling family Birdov has pocketed
Independence together with the state treasury.
Round Africa into the sovereign orbits there were three dwarfish companions.
From Atlantic - "chocolate islands" Dignity-volume and Prinsipi, where
Only in 1990 have officially stopped to build socialism, having thanked
The Soviet and Cuban advisers for the help. In Indian ocean as though already
Private competition of two world systems is continued by Maldives and Sejshely.
From the thousand with superfluous islands the Maldivian archipelago has rendered habitable 203, from
Which 14 has arranged well for world tourism, - a variant liberal.
Republic Sejshely continues to build "fair, absolute
The socialism "and who knows, can, in a microscopic variant it all the same
It will turn out. By the way, in the neighbourhood with Sejshelami in the last century
There was a Piracy Socialist Republic Madagascar,
Existed some years while the fair piracy brotherhood has not fallen
Under blows of the natives who have been pushed aside in depth of island.
At last, the five Asian: Micronezijsky federation (the most young
The dwarf in the world, to it is not present also ten), Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Nauru,
Tonga. Almost forty years before independence finding Marshall Islands were
podmandatnoj territory of the USA which pay now to this country
Indemnification for use of its four atolls as ranges for
Nuclear tests. Kiribati - the giant among Liliputians: on three thousand
Kilometres through three time zones the dots of its islets last and
Atolls. When in 1979 this former English colony has achieved
Independence, its bowels have been already absolutely exhausted. So its main thing
Riches nowadays - a 200-mile coastal zone. When in former years here
Has swum away for a sardine the Soviet fishing vessel, the USA as the guarantor
Independence of Kiribati have immediately put on a flank more than would extend
The Soviet seine. So kiribattsam once has come from "cold war".
Nauru, 9 thousand inhabitants. Guano and phosphates of this country two centuries plundered,
Being replaced, four colonial powers. From all also it is asked: now the empty
Island bowels bring only indemnifications. Thanking it the average income
The local inhabitant it is equal sredneshvedskomu. Whether But here for a long time?
Tonga - "friendship islands". In due time queen Salota has sent
On help to allies at their disembarkation in Normandy two planes. King Tupu
IV, her son, recently still sold tongijskoe citizenship to inhabitants of Hong Kong,
Frightened of prospect of joining to communistic China.
Well here and all parade-alle of the dwarfs similar only by growth, though
And among them there are giants and Liliputians: in any case the population of these
The states there are less than 500 thousand persons, and the territory does not exceed 1000 sq.
Km. The interior of two group portraits nevertheless is evident:
Beaches, the sun, palm trees, a casino, tourism... So all is similar to Monaco, only
Not Monaco! Unlike sovereign heavenly spots of the World ocean
"Overland" dwarfs of Europe are enclaves, national completely
Identifying with that state which they are built in. Even
Malta to accept for ethnic island it is possible only with the big stretch at least
Because it is faster coincidence, than a plan. Attempt of the economic
Comparisons suggests about the original and comical copies. "At us
There is a number of customs privileges, - explained to me in the Republic government
San Marino, - but we are fed not with privileges, and job. Six thousand
Dignity-marintsev on job to Italy, four thousand daily leave
Italians daily come to us ". Once, before war, the Princedom
Monaco really received 95 percent of the income in the budget from a casino,
But already only 4. For a long time any more gamblings, and operations on
The real estate, festivals, conferences, resorts, tourism involve here
The basic stream of visitors. At last, the most important difference: to any of
"Sea" dwarfs it was not executed also forty, whereas Republic
San Marino and Andorra were born accordingly in 301 and 1278, Princedoms
Liechtenstein and Monaco - in 1719 and 1861, Duchy Luxembourg - in 1815
And the papal state is more senior all of them. These are inventions of the last centuries,
Entered in modern political architecture. Even at Andorra,
Which, being replaced by everyone half a year, symbolically operate that the president
France the cardinal Utrecht from the Spanish party, mother countries-sovereigns are not present.
Small European elders were long kept even from the introduction
In "a family of the people" and when have entered it, the whole colony there has already grown roots
sobrattsev. Today of 22 ministates only 5 do not consist in the United Nations:
Kiribati, Nauru, Marshally, Tonga and, for the clear reasons, Vatican.
As a group small members of the United Nations make already 1/12 organisations with its firm
Principle "one state - one voice". In process of growth of a dwarfish lobby
The separate ethnoses erected in a rank of the states, can without effort
To block positions of large multinational powers in the various
The international organisations and communities where they enter not less
Actively, than in the United Nations. And so a not so simply adjusted international orchestra
Can lose simply ability to play under the co-ordinated score.
From Corsica to the Chechen Republic.
That new political hydrospace is capable to give birth to typhoons, which
The mankind yet did not know, it became clear, when concept "island-nation" with
Ocean open spaces has spread on continents. Involuntarily to it promoted
France.
In the autumn of 1989, in the heat of "velvet revolutions" in Europe,
On Corsica the international colloquium on problems of islands has taken place, and
After that it has spent at herself days of Malta. Their organizers were movement
"Ava that will do!" ("Will suffice!") and "movement for self-determination of Corsica" -
The legal public associations supporting the peace decision of problems
The volcanic island. In it they resist "to Front
National clearing of Corsica "(FNOK), conducting the terrorist
Struggle against institutes of the French Republic and local
"Collaborators". The active worker "Movements for self-determination of Corsica" (it
The anthropologist has the deputies in local parliament) ZHerom a Ferrari, from
University Konti, has asked to read a piece of paper which has put attentively
Before me.
"Sicily: the total area - 2570000 hectares, is processed - 57,5 percent
The earths. Sardinia: 2100000 hectares - are processed 23,1 percents Balearsky
Islands: 501400 hectares - are processed 26,8 percents Corsica: 871700 hectares -
1,3 percents "are processed
- That is Corsica cannot support itself?
- Corsica always fed itself, - has minded to a Ferrari, - but now
For 90 percent lives on imported products. Take Malta: there the law
Sale of the earth is forbidden foreigners. That is why it has avoided that fate,
That has comprehended us. In 60th years the French government has directed on
Corsica the basic stream "chernonogih" - the colonists expelled from Algeria,
Which bought up the best earths at coast. After that has been developed
The project "the Big tourism for Corsica". Ours kompradorskaja its bourgeoisie
Has supported and together with the transnational companies has built up coast
Huge hotels. Corsicans as a matter of fact have lost access to the sea, and
Peasants can be met now only highly in mountains. And while hotels not
Began to fly up on air, our protests did not hear...
- In olden time on colonial islands delivered slaves to replace
Them rebellious local population, - local journalist Andre spoke to me
Serra, - and to us with the same purpose invite immigrants. For the last 30-40
Years the island indigenous population has decreased half: the power obstinately
Finishes the project! Then FNOK has started to shoot already and in
Immigrant workers. Though these people - same a victim colonial
Politicians, as Corsicans. "Ava that will do" for independence of Corsica, but
Condemns the Corsican racism and terror...
Probably, Russian reader will catch here a parallel with the Chechen Republic, to
To whose earths the Russian governments in the last century obstinately
Moved the advanced Cossack villages. At Corsicans, as well as at Chechens,
Blood boils two centuries - those and others have been attached to the
To mother countries force. Corsica already was presidential republic and a vein on
Own constitution, when Genoa, about which "accessory"
Corsicans had time to forget, has sold island to Louis XV. This paper
The transaction has happened two years prior to Napoleon's birth. Unfortunately for
Corsica, it became the French emperor and has stopped all claims
Republicans-fellow countrymen on the sovereignty. Since then the island conflict also decays
With mother country. Present replacement of indigenous population of Corsica with the help
Immigrants, of course, not to compare with zhestokostjami Stalin deportations or
Recent war in the Chechen Republic, but that these phenomena one-serial, undoubtedly.
For all that Corsicans in the state - only ethnos. And Chechens
In the - the people. And this distinction more basic, rather than that one live
On natural island, and others build the artificial.
For two centuries the most serious attempt to split the Corsican
The site was undertaken by the government of the French socialists. Then
To Minister of Internal Affairs Pierre Zhoksu the unexpected argument has prompted
Colloquium on problems of the islands, taken place on Corsica. Why
Not to give it the specific status based on the same criterion
"Island-nation", only within the limits of the uniform state? Charles de Gaulle
Has noticed once: "Independence - not that other, as ability to dispose
The dependence ". Paradoxical thought. That dependence became
Category of a free choice, it is not necessary to impose it! And for the first time the project
Autonomies for Corsica has switched on the formula: "the Corsican people - compound
Part of the French people ". Scientists-gosudarstvovedy nearly in test tubes
Shook up a mix of this formula with constitution positions. Also have given all the same
The positive conclusions. The government has told "yes". The president has told
"Yes". The national meeting has passed the corresponding law.
On Corsica has become silently: the bullet will not whistle, the bomb will not crash.
Even a mafia, got used to write off the crimes on separatists,
Has hidden, feeling a storm.
There was last instance: the Constitutional council. To it
The right opposition considering, that France in no event appealed
Should not recede from a principle of equality of compound territories-parts.
It is better to correct a firm hand, than to risk integrity of the country.
In April, 1991 the Constitutional council has taken out a verdict:
"The French people... Consists of all French citizens independently
From their origin, race or religion ".
Corsica has immediately responded bombs. Again on three hundred with the superfluous
Human victims every year. Two months ago the prefect of island is killed
Erinak...
"The Corsican people" have existed on light of all half a year.
Alexander SABOV, the political analyst
"The Russian newspaper".
//* an information Source: the Russian newspaper, 28.04.98
//* Reg. Nom. - 1080400232.36-------------------------------------------
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