Monarchy - mother of an order.
Monarchy - mother of an order.
On July, 23rd, 1970 group
Under command of the English officer of storm has seized residence
omanskogo sultan Saida ben Tejmura in the city of Salala. As a result the monarch
Has been compelled to agree to transfer of a throne to the
To 29-year-old son Kabusu who before that held actually under
House arrest. Itself svergnutyj the sultan has soon left
To London also has lodged in one
From magnificent hotels, where after two years peacefully pochil.
Time demanded resolute changes.
It is difficult to doubt, that so soft outcome of struggle for the power was defined
Character of in what advantage had been made revolution. All further
The history of Oman has shown, that sultan Kabus aspires to the nonviolent
To the decision of political problems. The person of this person has left traces
On all aspects of life omantsev - for for 27 years of its board the country
Has gone through all-round updating.
Prince Kabus has got perfect education in England - studied in
To private school and in military academy in Sandherste. Has passed the semi-annual
To practice in the ranks of the English army billeted on Rhine. But, as
It is paradoxical, all it became the mistrust reason to it from the father.
When in 1966 Kabus has returned home, the father has established over it
Constant guardianship instead of starting to attach it to the state
To affairs.
English advisers tried to convince the sultan of necessity
Resolute changes: delay threatened both a dynasty, and the future
The countries. But the aged master remained is deaf to cautions. Not
Understood, that time demands other policy, other outlook on life. Therefore
Also was will dethrone on July, 23rd, 1970.
On November, 20th, 1997. At stadium of the city of Salala, administrative
The centre of province Dofar, there passes celebrating in honour of birthday of the sultan
Kabusa ben Saida. The avalanche of the seminude moves To dozen metres from me
judej with English automatic machines. It firkat - something like our Cossacks.
There was this national troops during hard times when in the country it is active
The armed separatists of so-called Front of clearing operated
Dofara, supported by the Marxist government of Southern Yemen.
The southern part sultanata - Dofar - historically always was a little
It is isolated from the north where there is a capital Muscat and the cores vital
The country centres. Even in the extremely backward country Dofar was considered as poor edge.
This circumstance gave trumps to Marxist propagandists, which
Aspired to incite people against the sultan. And a certain part of tribes
Supported insurgents. And while the power still had the extremely conservative
Said ben Tejmur, separatists saved chances of success, a zone, on which
Their control extended, extended.
Soon after accession to the throne Kabus has started to spend
The flexible policy directed on depriving of separatists of the social
Bases. The tribes living in a zone where Popular front groups operated
Clearings Dofara (in the end of 1971 it has been renamed in National
Front of clearing of Oman and occupied Arabian (Persian) gulf,
That has reflected growing appetites of its leaders), have received considerable privileges
And material aid. Fast rates began to develop public health services
And education. The possession the weapon given by the authorities, has made
Tribes serious force. And still guerrillas long remained serious
Stability threat. Therefore the sultan has been compelled to direct the considerable
Means for needs of army - the military budget of the country in days of its board
It has appeared one of the most intense in the world, exceeding 40 percent of all
The State expenditure. The ten years' war which has captured almost a quarter
Territories of Oman, compelled to hold in a zone of operations 10-thousand
Army. And it for the country with the million population!
Those changes which have occurred in Oman for quarter of the century, impress.
On the generation eyes, which else remembers slavery (it is cancelled in 1962),
Public executions and interdiction for carrying of sun glasses, has arisen
The modern society, aspiring to find constant and worthy
Place in a family of the developed nations.
About value of historical reminiscences.
As there was an advancement from slaborazvitosti to the today's
To society status. Sultan Kabus leant against what spiritual resources,
Starting upgrade? In the first reference to the nation he has declared:
"Our country in the past possessed glory and power, and if we work
In unity and cooperation, we can recreate our former glory and
To take a worthy place in the Arabian world ". Memoirs on former glory
Are capable to give an impulse to historical svershenijam, to help overcoming
Apathy.
Especially in Oman, the unique Arabian country which has not lost
The sovereignty. Moreover, when the other Arabian earths stayed
On position of provinces of another's empires, Oman has independently got rid from
Dominations of Portugueses in seaside areas, and then has pushed aside them and from
The African colonies also has established the hegemony from India to Mozambique.
Thousand miles of ocean coasts supervised lords of Oman in XVIII and п Iп
Centuries.
But as a whole HH century became for the ancient country time of the increasing
Easings and impoverishments. Up to the end 60th years it seemed, that there is no time
The powerful empire has no historical prospect. Tormented
Distempers and civil wars, sultanat has gradually rolled down on one of
Last places in the world on the basic indicators economic and social
Developments.
The same was necessary to the new sultan of Oman, as a number of its predecessors
- To achieve a recourse stop, to return to the country its former advantage.
All-round progress of Oman quite often explain that
The country belongs to number of so-called oil monarchy. But natural
Riches at all are not a prosperity guarantee. The same Iraq, for example,
Much surpassing Oman on stocks and an oil recovery - an example absolutely other
Sorts. Even the richest resources can be wasted on the senseless
prozhekty and adventures. It is possible to imagine, what would be results,
If at the head of the country have appeared marksisty from the Popular front
Clearings of Oman.
It is thus important to notice, that on level of security oil Oman
Far it is not so rich, as its neighbours. Besides and conditions of its extraction and
Transportations do the cost price omanskoj oil above, than, for example,
Saudi or emiratskoj. So, not being afraid to repeat, it is possible
To ascertain: not oil has appeared the first condition of progress nevertheless, and
Competent management.
On affairs learn...
Entering on a throne in a large-scale internal distemper, Kabus
ben Said had two important advantages before the predecessors -
Good education and determination to go to the logic end in carrying out
Reforms. Being in a sense the son of two cultures - Arabian
Muslim and western - the new sultan understood as inevitability
Upgrades, and those dangers which could arise in process
Society reforming.
Considering the last, the young sultan began to practise the regular
Meetings with tribes during annual trips on the country. A close connection with
With the people provided knowledge of the sultan, caused suspension
Its decisions. An ancient Islamic principle shura (soveshchatelnost, acceptance
Decisions on the basis of a consensus) became a basis of political style of the sultan
Kabusa. Any large decision of the monarch is a fruit of long meditations and
Discussions. For last years it is possible to allocate two major decrees: about
Elections in created at the initiative of the sultan madzhlis ash-shura
(Consultative council) and about introduction in action of the Organic law of the country.
Foreign policy activization, first of all concerning the nearest
Neighbours, has allowed to solve collected problems. Huge job is spent
On delimitation, also are signed corresponding dogovory,
Territorial disputes have left in the past. The period of the century has ended
Isolationism.
Today more than 130 states support diplomatic relations
With sultanatom, he actively participates in world affairs at all levels, in that
Number in the United Nations and League of the Arabian states. If before visit of the foreign
The representative of any rank was extraordinary event, at the sultan
The country Kabuse became one of where all leading politicians have visited almost
The West and the East.
Independence and pragmatism of sultan Kabusa were expressed in it
Positions on a number of the international problems. It has gone on an establishment
Diplomatic relations with Soviet Union in 1985, when "the cold
War "still proceeded, and the Soviet armies stood in Afghanistan. And
Today Oman occupies a flexible position on many questions, in particular,
Supports cancellation of sanctions against Iraq.
Being a basis of economy of Oman, incomes of oil export have allowed
To realise scale projects in economic and social area.
Lining of hundreds kilometres of pipelines and building of ports, development
Modern high system and wide housing construction, erection
Industrial targets and agriculture, opening of hundreds schools, development
Systems of public health services, job on protection of environment and restoration
Numerous monuments of architecture - all is signs 27-year-old
Boards of sultan Kabusa. That, on what to some European nations
Centuries were required, the small Arabian country has managed to make for
Quarter of the century...
With handzharom and a cellular telephone.
Before entrance in Nazvu, ancient capital of the country, I see among naked
Mountains an ultramodern sports complex. "It is the youth centre", -
The official of the ministry of the information accompanying me explains. For
traditsionalistskogo societies (in few places so observe olden time as in Oman)
Such things, probably, first seemed revolutionary - nevertheless
Football and figure skating became so habitual, as well as camel run.
Young men in white dishdashah, working on computers, ministerial
Employees with handzharami (daggers) and cellular telephones on the silver
Belts seem exotic only for visitors from the West.
Especially it is necessary to tell about female emancipation. In the country, where everyone
The lady can leave the house only under the black fabric hiding all, except
The eye, this word-combination - female emancipation - sounds too
Unusually. And nevertheless process of equalising of women in the rights with men
Gains in strength. In the beginning it concerned possibility to get education.
Later began habitual business to see the lady at the wheel. The turn has then come
Politicians. Today two women are members madzhlis ash-shury.
Naturally, successes in reforming of social structure, overcoming
osnosti in consciousness of people leant against economic achievements. Today
The total internal product of Oman per capita exceeds seven thousand
US dollars, that is the country has reached on this indicator of level
srednerazvitoj the European country, such as Czechia, and much more surpasses
The majority of the states of the modern world, switching on, alas, and Russia.
Having provided a general elementary education and substantially
Having liquidated illiteracy of adult population, the country leaders have created
Conditions for formation of a modern society, inconceivable without the developed
Systems of mass communications and the information. Today in the country are published
Tens newspapers and magazines in the Arabian and English languages, TV
To well not only settled inhabitants, but also beduinam.
The leading role in development of Oman is played today by the state. It
Aspires to overcome a raw orientation of economy, to develop
Industrial sphere both in the industry, and in agriculture.
Building of the powerful enterprise on szhizheniju natural gas is conducted and
The terminal for its shipment. Scale projects of erection are carried out
Factories on manufacture of fertilizers, petrochemical, aluminium and
The cement. Near to the ancient port Rajsut known still on the ancient
To chronicles, there is a construction of one of the world's largest container
Terminals in cost about 250 million dollars.
The Omansky state shows interest in the large-scale
Investment projects abroad. Sultanat became one of founders
The Caspian pipeline consortium (KTK). However, under pressure
The American companies the share of Oman in the share capital was strongly
It is cut down. Where the big money, there and intrigues. Nevertheless cooperation in
Frameworks KTK it is considered as perspective and mutually advantageous and Russian,
And omantsami...
Sergey PLEHANOV.
Muscat-Salala-Moskva.
//* an information Source: the Russian newspaper, 22.05.98
//* Reg. Nom. - 1080500143.78-------------------------------------------
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