Zone of special attention.
Zone of special attention.
Baltic Alaska.
Already on approach to Kaliningrad in a window the picture is developed,
Absolutely atypical for "continental" Russia. Accurately cut
Farmland, red tile roofs of houses and spikes of Catholic cathedrals
It is live send memory in edge history. Silent witnesses of the fiery
Years Great Domestic there are still saved forts Kenigsberga,
Which vaults store till now many secrets.
Leaving in 1945 Kenigsberg, each German could take with itself
20 kgs of personal things. Hardly someone from them hoped to return
Here. But times have changed. Today German tourists travel about on all
Areas. Only in their 1997 has visited more 30 thousand. Big
Among them so-called nostalgic rounds use popularity.
Natives of these earths and their descendants come to native tombs, houses and
To manors. And in it, actually, anything bad is not present. Tourist business
Brings quite good money. But at the same time such "silent" expansion from the West
Calls certain excitement among kaliningradtsev which have moved in
This Baltic edge in post-war years. They had time to start up here
Roots and are afraid to become now uninvited visitors. After all absolutely nearby, under
Sideways, Baltic republics. In what humiliating position there
Have put Russian and another "the Russian-speaking population" - in Kaliningrad
Areas know well. Perhaps therefore in conversations many set one and
The same question: "Instead of whether Russia will refuse us?".
Question not the idle. "Nostalgic rounds" look harmless
Entertainment in comparison with is not present-is not present and slipping statements of the same
Lithuania or Poland. In these cases the management of area adheres most
Firm positions. On one of press conferences the Lithuanian journalist has asked
The governor of area Leonid Gorbenko: "Instead of whether you consider, that
The Kaliningrad area is a small Lithuania? "On what has received the instant
The answer: "Is not present! I consider, that Lithuania is a small Russia. To trade and
To co-operate we always are ready, but claims leave at itself ".
Patriotic position of the governor and its command, certainly,
The main thing, supports from the centre deserves the kindest words, and. But here is how
Its time they, unfortunately, receive not always. For example, during time
Recent visit to area Boris Nemtsov, then still the first vice-premier,
Has suddenly sounded idea about the announcement of the international tender for the right to operate
The Kaliningrad special economic zone. Many this idea, to put it mildly,
Has jarred on. Also there is nothing surprising, that after its visiting in the local
Mass media certain circles became is live to discuss
Possible protectorate of Germany - as the form of economic protection
Over edge. Have started talking and that Russia in present heavy conditions
Proceeding from historical analogue of sale of Alaska and the Aleutian islands
It is necessary to go again on territorial concessions - thus means
The Kaliningrad area.
That gives OEZ more: harm or advantage?
But without economic foreign presence of area will be hardly.
Geopolitical position obliges it to develop trade and
Cooperation with near and far neighbours. Judge: to Vilnius
Any 350 kilometres, to Warsaw - 400, to Berlin - 600, to Stockholm
- 650. Add to it three nonfreezing ports, and it becomes clear, why
Since January, 1996 in area territory the special economic operates
Zone (OEZ). On a plan, it should transform minuses poluanklavnogo
Edge positions in pluses to give a push to development of advantages of area. Four
Such zones operate in the next Lithuania, and in Poland in general twelve.
By the way, opponents OEZ was enough. For example, they confirmed,
That naval base and OEZ are incompatible. On it governor Leonid
Gorbenko responded simply: "And than we are worse than Gibraltar which is
Naval base and free economic zone? ".
Today it is clear, that thanking OEZ it was possible to fill the local
The consumer market. The situation was to some extent stabilised in
The industries. In the first quarter of this year an index of physical volume
Industrial production has grown for 7,2 percent. The monetary have increased also
Population incomes. Last year their growth has made 12,3 percent. Then
In budgets of all levels 1921 million new roubles that has exceeded has arrived
Receipts for 1996 for 22 percent. It only some figures,
Showing an overall performance in the conditions of OEZ.
But in due course began to be shown and negative sides.
- At our neighbours with similar zones all is clear and clear, -
Leonid Gorbenko speaks. - We such have wound in the law about OEZ, that
Each department considers has the right to interpret it in the interests. From here,
For example, problems with customs. I have reached that somehow in hearts
Has told: "It is not known, that this zone - harm or advantage" more gives.
Because of imperfection of standard base area have literally filled up
Cheap import. In obviously unprofitable position it has appeared local
The manufacturer. If zavozimaja production was assessed with the VAT only on the trading
The margin, the - on all cost of the goods. To compensate losses,
Domestic manufacturers are compelled to consider in goods cost and this
THE VAT.
Similar situation and with excises. The foreign goods imported
In area for internal consumption, have been completely released from
Payments of the customs excise. For local internal excises nobody
Cancelled. As a result excess of import over export became simple
The menacing. If in 1995 it has made 189,8 million dollars, in
The past - 944,9 million! And if to consider, that in total amount of the realised
Here a foodstuff the share of the imported has reached 80 percent it is possible
To understand, why on the agenda there was a question on loss by region
Food independence.
- And how much the unnecessary goods have delivered, - the governor continues.
- It appears, past year to us have delivered cigarettes already 316 million
Packs! And at us only one million population, switching on 212 thousand pensioners,
206 thousand pupils and 34 thousand detsadovtsev... And what for to us of 50 million
Litres of import spirit and vodka products? The swill suffices.
Therefore under the insisting of the governor in March quotas have been entered on
Separate kinds of the goods. They concern basically the foodstuffs. Noise,
Certainly, was much. All the same this measure has infringed on interests of five and a half
Thousand persons which were engaged in delivery and realisation. But has won
The local manufacturer.
And here result: in the second quarter of this year in comparison with
The similar period of the past growth of manufacture of fowl has made 131
Percent, a pshenichno-rye flour - 14,8, eggs - 9,3, a butter
- 13...
That have not beaten out from a saddle.
Development of own manufacture - one of priority problems
Regional administration. Here the governor and its command are ready to go
Regardless of obstacles.
Leonid Gorbenko is literally the day before our meeting has returned from Czechia,
Where has concluded the contract on granting of area of the commodity credit for the sum
To 60 million dollars.
- It is necessary to our area about 400 thousand pork livestock, - told
The governor, - and is only 40. On old technologies we this business not
Let's extend. Here also have decided to modernise old dilapidated pigsties,
Which stood without windows and doors. But, as usual, there were their owners,
Requested neither it is a lot of nor few 500 thousand dollars. We were ready to give to them
This money, but with a delay for some years, through a turn. They have rested. And
Time so, sit on the pigsties while they will not collapse.
Have looked abroad and left on Czechs. Have agreed about granting
The commodity credit. Have already solved also a question with a forage reserve. And in the nearest
Time we will open hladobojnyj shop on 25 tons a day.
In the same way undertook a hothouse economy. What for to carry vegetables
From Holland or Israel? Have mounted hothouses. Now at us all year long
There will be tomatoes and cucumbers.
Real result of such policy of regional administration already
There was a complex "Kaliningradptitseprom". Nearby to a city on the area in
96 hectares have settled down a huge "bird's" economy. Last year
Very few people could believe, that it can be lifted from ruin. But business undertook
Successful businessman Nikolay Talalaev.
- By then we had a trading company with the network of shops,
- He told to me. - in passing we made a foodstuff, buying
Raw materials on the party. But to develop further, the closed was necessary for us
The cycle - so raises profitability. Here then we also have addressed in
Regional administration where to us have suggested to be engaged in an integrated poultry farm.
It is impossible to tell, that the new command has come, has seen and has won.
First time was very heavy. They spent the day literally and spent the night on
Complex, but all the same have put it in motion. Has helped and
Administration, having allocated with it a part of money from the first tranche 30-million
Investment credit Drezdner of Bank.
- Basically anything supernatural, - modestly speaks the general
The director. - have changed 60 thousand square metres a made a hole roof,
Have made internal repair. Have bought in Germany new obrudovanie.
Today thanks to introduction of new technologies factory, which
Earlier made three thousand tons of meat a year, it is capable to give out so much
For two months! Having learnt about it, officials from Moscow have not believed. Then
Talalaev has suggested them to pay return tickets that they have seen
This Kaliningrad "miracle".
And the small chest simply opened. At Germans the floor and cellular equipment
It is applied to cultivation jajtsenosnyh breeds. Kaliningradtsy have solved
To reorientate it under broilers. And here result: if earlier in one
To hall grew up 20-25 thousand goals, now - 65 thousand! And all on
To one and a half million factory kvohchushchih inhabitants. Every week two flights
From Holland bring eggs.
But with one bird Talalaev it was not satisfied. Under pigsties, about
Which deliveries the governor has agreed in Czechia, on a complex is under construction
hladoubojnyj shop. When I there was, there was already painting and decorating. Made
By last word of technics, it can process to 80 pigs at an o'clock.
But this not so main about what the head of the general director is ill.
Now all its thoughts are directed on building end
kombikormovogo factory. In September it should become operational.
- Its input will allow us to lower production cost price on 17-20
Percent, - it shared the plans. - now we buy forages in
To Lithuania. It is unprofitable. Monthly there leaves about two millions
Dollars! Besides, delivering mixed fodders from abroad, to us the VAT to offset not
Goes. And so we will buy grain from local farmers. When I have brought
These calculations to the governor, he has told at once: "What conversation! Build, and
As soon as possible ".
Today production "Kaliningradptitseproma" know in many regions
The countries. But at home it cannot compete to the same "legs
Bush "which in the absence of the customs duties go on counters on
To below cost prices. And though quality of a domestic bird considerably above
(The vitamin E maintenance in 10 times more, than in the American chicken), 70
Production percent kaliningradtsy are compelled to sell outside of
Areas. How much it is favourable? By transportation production, for example in
Moscow, they lose 17 cents on kg. It is no wonder, that Talalaev
Partly envies the colleagues from other regions of Russia where is not present
Free economic zone, also supports introduction of quotas on the imported
The goods.
"Kaliningradptitseprom" is that already it was possible to make. And in
Plans of the governor still building of sugar factory: "At us a beet
Well grows. Here only sugar factories in Poland ". Holds in mind and
margarinovuju factory. In margarine of 60 percent of vegetable oil, and in
Areas well grows raps from which it receive. In due time this
Culture in region have ruined on a root. Last year Gorbenko has insisted,
That have sown one thousand hectares, in they be 3600, on following plan already
6000. If all goes as it is necessary, will gradually finish the area of crops to 15
000. "We now sell vegetable oil to Poles and Germans. And we will make
margarinovyj factory - and anybody cannot beat out us from a saddle and from the market not
Will expel. After all all Europe has survived on processing ", - shared the
Plans the governor.
That today it is appreciated.
The area administration has not casually supported an integrated poultry farm: was
The reasonable business plan is presented. There have passed those times when distributed to whom
Has got guarantees and poor budgetary funds. To itself left more expensively. Therefore
Gorbenko and its command pursue a policy of the address help. Under the concrete
Business and means is not a pity, but they should work, give return. And it
To principle adhere in all.
We take the same agriculture. To help village it is necessary, but how?
- We try to unite all our agricultural productions in one chain,
- The assistant to the governor, the chairman of the agroindustrial tells
Committee Jury Shalimov. Is gives the chance to co-ordinate efforts on
To supply, production sale to build the price policy. At the same time
The barter exchange between economy becomes simpler. But we unite only those
Economy, that strong stand standing. And such at us nearby 20. In the past
To year productivity grain in them was on the average three tons from hectare.
We help them technics, spare parts, fuel. For example, within the limits of the program
"Grain" the administration has already allocated six and a half millions roubles on
Technics acquisition. And to grain co-operative society for the same needs have given on credit
Eight and a half millions roubles.
Jury Shalimov knows, that speaks. It not from "asfaltnyh landowners".
Its governor has looked after in former state farm "Luninsky". There for any
Six years it and its companions have reversed a settlement life: practically
At all - cars, video equipment. Strojtseh and a power-saw bench have got, though everywhere they
Were closed because of unprofitability. There is there even a restaurant.
But I will not draw idyllic pictures. Village in Kaliningrad
Areas is sick the same illness, as in all Russia. Yes, there are strong
Economy, but what price manage they relative well-being!.
There was I in one of the best farms Sergey Chechulina's "Guelder-rose".
Extreme work together with sons has created it and has deduced, being expressed
In an old fashion, in front lines. The regional has helped and helps commodity credits
Administration. There is the excellent German technics, equipped hozdvor,
One and a half thousand hectares of the earth on which in a fruitful harvest season works to
20 persons. And still...
- That to hide, - with bitterness Sergey Chechulin spoke to me, -
To Lithuania and to Poland our production do not start up, because there the authorities the
The market protect. At us have opened Russia for everything, not having thought about that, and
Whether costed? Here only small example. I am the professional bookkeeper
- And all the same constantly there are problems. That on overlay terms,
Officials backdating enter innovations, and then accuse of concealment
The income. From here, naturally, sanctions, penalties, peni. From whom I all
Hid, if fairly I give documents for check?
Sergey Chechulin can and wishes to work on the earth. Two sons - it
Reliable support. Though tomorrow the family could master one thousand more hectares
The earths, but are not present free money. There is no possibility to receive the long-term
The credit. And the credit for one year of peasants does not arrange. It suits only for
That in the spring to buy fuel. And for serious investments - to construct
Farm to buy a livestock, technics - three are necessary long-term, which here already
Year is not present. The administration can support only the commodity credit:
Fuel, jadohimikatami, fertilizers. Here the peasant also turns. Has harvested,
Has sold, has given money for the credit - and again on zero.
So besides - if yet did not stir. On spring, when about a sowing campaign
Speeches were conducted, any head of municipal union in the same
Chernyakhovsk area has not supported farmers. It was necessary to the governor literally
Fist on a table to knock.
And on village yet all have understood what to "plough" it is necessary. As has told
Jury Shalimov, in villages rasklad the such: about every fifth at any
The authorities will work. As much bawlers whom to strain not
Have got used. The others - the middle which can adjoin both those, and to these.
And so now struggle follows them. Will adjoin the first - the normal will begin
Life. Will adjoin the second - anything acceptable will not be.
- Ungrateful it is work, - the farmer has concluded at parting. - now
It is respected by nobody. I at times have a desire to sell all and to live
In a city. Personally that is necessary to me? That I normally worked, my manufacture
Gave production necessary to people. That money and this money paid for it
I could put again in the manufacture, raise children and something
To build. Naturally, there should be a reasonable financial policy. That I
Could under the same rate as in Poland or Germany, to receive the credit, having given
As a deposit that at us is appreciated. And at us, unfortunately, today nothing
It is appreciated. Even the earth.
To a question on the earth. The governor of the Kaliningrad area - the supporter
Earth sales in a private property. Three times it brought a bill about
To the earth in the regional Duma, and three times local legislators rejected it.
- I consider, that the earth at us simply walks, - he with great feeling spoke
To me. - it somewhere 500-600 thousand hectares. It a drawn game. And on the other hand,
95 percent of the earth already are actually given today to a private property.
There is a black market. At us in a year consists to five thousand transactions on
To the earth! The area loses huge money. So why to us not to legalise it?
There is and more one very thin moment. Because of our geopolitical
Positions we are simply obliged according to all international norms
To fix the earth to owners that they have been protected from any
Unexpectedness...
Here in the governor speaks both the owner, and the politician. He does not understand,
Why not to sell a coast part to the same Swedes. Let foreigners
Will construct hotels, sanatoria where could have a rest and Russians. To whom from it
Will be worse? He understands Italians who are ready to construct in area
Sugar factory. But again all rests against a property problem. Investors
Wish to secure itself against our political disorders.
- For that we wait? - Leonid Gorbenko makes a helpless gesture. -
To people.
In former years the Kaliningrad area quite often named to ours
Advanced post in the West. Under an outset larded by the weapon, it was
It is actually closed for the international cooperation. Today, as though
Trying to make up for lost time, foreign investors here have rushed.
Relative - in comparison with many other things the Russian regions -
Social and economic stability does area extremely
Attractive to foreign partners. 54 states in this or that
Degrees invested the capitals in area economy. Whom here only
Is not present - from the exotic Cayman islands to the USA and the Great Britain. On
August the total sum of foreign investments into the area enterprises has exceeded
208 million roubles. Them for certain would be more, if all our country
Had not a reputation for such risky.
Alexander TSAREV.
//* an information Source: the Russian newspaper, 15.09.98
//* Reg. Nom. - 1080900172.37-------------------------------------------
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