The Chinese army recedes Why behind the Great wall of military men have solved
The Chinese army recedes Why behind the Great wall of military men have solved
To separate from business.
FOR MANY Chinese generals, admirals and the senior officers
Arrival of New year this time at all was not a holiday. The matter is that
According to the decision of the Central Committee of the handheld computer, declared by its Secretary general and
The chairman of the Central military council of the Peoples Republic of China Tszjan Zemin, all
To military units overland, military-air and the Navies, and also
The armed police (as the Chinese special troops are called) and Management
Public safety (analogue of our FSB) since 1999 categorically
It is forbidden to be engaged in commercial activity and it is offered to stop
Communications with the branches created by them. A certain high-ranking
The quartermaster rank, not named to a press of the name, has witty noticed,
That, though the similar decision is dictated by good intentions, to carry out
It will be not easier than it, than to disaccustom Chineses to smoke, to what them recently
Members of parliament have called. (Vsekitajsky meeting of national representatives
It is recently declared by the zone first in the country for non-smoking).
Readers in this connection can have two questions. First,
Why the Peking leaders have decided to forbid people in epaulets to be engaged
Business that is to supplement budgetary assignments for needs of defence? And
Secondly, why, once having involved military men in business, it will be so difficult
To put to it the end?
I will begin with that self-maintenance is old revolutionary
Tradition of People's liberation army of China since times guerrilla
Bases in days of civil war. Each commander of a part has been accustomed not
To rely in all on the centralised supply, and to grow up cabbage and
Radish and to plant pigs and carps. That is, receiving from the higher
snabzhentsev at the best only grain, completely to provide the people
"privarkom". This tradition revived today, in itself any
Censures does not call.
Business in other. When reforms twenty years ago have begun and
Means for economy upgrade were required, it was necessary to brake
Growth of military assignments. To compensate it, plenum of the Central Committee of a handheld computer in 1985
To year has officially resolved to armed forces and power departments
To earn money for the needs. Has as a result arisen branched out
Network from fifteen thousand enterprises - whole commercial empire,
Annually making the goods and services on 18 billion dollars. For comparison
I will tell, that the official sizes of the military budget of the Peoples Republic of China do not reach and 11
Billion dollars.
However, foreign experts consider, that, as once in Soviet
The union, the true sum of expenses for defence several times is more
The published.
But anyhow, 18 billion dollars is 2 percent total
Internal product of the country and a powerful increase to budgetary appropriations
For needs of defence. Why then military men have decided to separate from
Enterprise activity?
While the purpose of businessmen in epaulets was to feed and dress the personal
Structure to improve barracks and training grounds, all went well. But
As soon as branches of military units began to give profit and
To expand a circle of the activity, there were temptations, before which
Far not any smog to resist.
Side between lawful and illegal enterprise activity
Military men have crossed for the first time, having got access to a coal mining. To give
To the Ministry of Defence independently to supply itself with fuel, and at the same time and
To earn additionally, the State Council has passed in its conducting some thousand mines in
Provinces of Shansi. And in the first years of reforms on coal simultaneously
There were three prices: state - for deliveries to railways and
To power stations, contractual - for the transactions which have been not connected with the state order, and
At last - market. Possibility to use military echelons, not
Subject to check of the civil authorities, has allowed to take out to the east
To coast the "oil" large quantity to sell it on
The "black" market.
The received profits were the starting capital for jerk on such
New, perspective direction, as telecommunications. Using the
Scientific and technical potential, and also the big range of frequencies of a radio communication,
The army easily became the leader in such areas, as start commercial
Companions, a lining optikovolokonnyh communication lines (including Chinese
Site of a transcontinental cable Shanghai-Frankfurt). The largest
Telecommunication concern "п?п п?я я п?" ("the Great wall"), the curator
Which the Joint Staff is, became one of initiators fast
Distributions to the country of mobile phones. Only one transaction with
American concern "Dzhi-TI" on creation of a paging network
It is estimated in 90 million dollars.
Military men posess four of ten corporations largest in China
On ready-to-wear clothes manufacture. The army has opened four hundred pharmaceutical
The factories which are letting out the tenth part of medicines made in the country.
Businessmen in epaulets do large investments in the real estate. It
1500 hotels of the international class belong, including
Five-stars "Oriental carpet-hotel" in Beijing.
The CONSIDERABLE part of profits of all this empire is appropriated by the military
Top, let alone that members of families of generals and seniors
Officers receive on affiliated firms highly paid and
Easy posts.
Foreign partners of the enterprises created under roof NOAK usually
At the first contact happen are shaken and admired. They are met by the officer
On "Mercedes" with a flasher and military number. Not paying attention on
Car inspection, it goes on a counter strip on red light and instantly
Overcomes transport jams. And at registration of all necessary for
Transactions of documents officials show rare efficiency and
Goodwill.
The set example can be treated as a metaphor and in wider
Sense. Any enterprise which is "under a roof" armies or others
Power structures, possesses a clear advantage before the competitors.
Local authorities do not dare to extort from them a bribe. And any racketeers not
Will take in head to "run" into firm which was founded by local garrison or
Management of public safety. Consciousness of the
Impunity has induced military men to launder money, not being afraid
Resistance of criminal structures: to open discos, karaokes-bars,
Massage salons and other places of doubtful entertainments, which usually
The mafia supervises.
However the main reason which has induced Beijing to separate of military men from business,
Consists in other. The greatest damage to interests of the state and a society
Businessmen in the military form have put to that have started to be engaged in the external
Trade. And here nepodkontrolnost armed forces boundary and
To customs service has turned back still the big profits. For example, sentry
The ship accepts in the high sea party of illicit cigarettes or on
The landing barge is loaded by the Japanese motor vehicles and then deliver all it on
The naval base closed for strangers.
By similar image as contraband carriers are used
Planes of military-transport aircraft. Completely not casually Tszjan Zemin
For the first time has declared necessity to finish participation of military men in the commercial
Activity at Vsekitajsky meeting on struggle against
Contraband.
If at the military budget less than 11 billion dollars armed forces
Have branches which annually make on 18 billion
Dollars of the goods and services, is, certainly, help for the state.
However it has appeared, that thus the budget loses 12 billion dollars in
Result of illicit operations "under a roof" military men. Differently, two
That third, that the army like independently would earn for needs,
It steals from the state.
CERTAINLY, to deduce 15 thousand enterprises from under protection
Army and power departments - business uneasy. If they lose the former
"Roofs" to find wishing them will privatise hardly. And at
The governments now and so there are enough efforts with the unprofitable state
The enterprises, many of which threatened with bankruptcy and mass lay-offs.
And still the present decision declared by Tszjan Zemin, was accepted
On the basis of the consent both civil, and a military management at
To support of public opinion and especially business circles dissatisfied
Exclusive position of military men in the conditions of market economy.
It is recognised by inadmissible, that many generals and the senior officers think more
About profits, to be exact speaking, about personal enrichment, rather than about increase
Defensibility of the country. Moreover produce corruption on places, involving to
To sharing of profits the partijno-state nomenclature.
I think, that in history of an excommunication of the Chinese military men from the commercial
Activity there is something instructive for Russia. And not only as
Negative experience which should be avoided. Perhaps, it is even more important to see in
It one more example of realisation of a principle "to pass the river, groping
Stones "that is to find in itself boldness to refuse undertakings,
Which have not justified itself, constantly to use during reforms mechanisms
Self-correction and self-control.
Vsevolod OVCHINNIKOV.
Beijing-Moscow.
//* an information Source: the Russian newspaper, 23.01.99
//* Reg. Nom. - 1090100173.59-------------------------------------------
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