The leaf dropped in the sea zolotisto-emerald...
The leaf dropped in the sea zolotisto-emerald...
Cyprus - a pearl of Mediterranean sea.
(Continuation. The beginning in numbers for 16, 23, on August, 30th).
The museum has rich meeting of art products,
Made of gold and silver. Various divine service
Utensils - sacred bowls, darohranitelnitsy, diskosy, icon lamps, katsei
(Manual censers), vessels for mirra, moshchehranitelnitsy, staffs,
siony, dikirii and trikirii (arhierejskie podsvechnitsy), vessels for
Sacred water, incensory, salaries of the divine service Gospel is that,
That Cyprus, Asia Minor (Smyrna, Kapadokija have given to a museum,
Constantinople), Russia and other countries. The gospel which has reached from
Russia, decorate numerous jewels and multi-colour
Smalt.
Impresses with the sizes and weight the printing bilingual
The gospel with Greek (1799) and slavic (1796) texts.
Wooden cover is sheathed by silver and gold plates.
Convex surface of the salary on which there is a press of the Russian
Workshop-manufacturer, it is decorated by stamping and an engraving. On the obverse
To the party five smalto medallions with a scene of Revival Christ's
And images of four evangelists are decorated by jewels.
Scene of Revival Christ's
It is accompanied by twelve scenes of Passions Dominical. The sizes
Gospel - 52 on 36 centimetres. "Weight - twenty kgs", -
The director of a museum informs.
In general here much reminds of Russia. Among the church
Utensils there are candlesticks, candelabrums, fixtures exclusively
Russian job of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, another
Sacred utensils and gifts, ozhertvovannye to a temple. Such curious
The fact. The belltower at a temple is constructed only in 1882, as
During the long period of Turkish sovereignty using
It was forbidden by church bells. The belltower has 6
Bells, and the most loud-voiced is made by biggest of them
In Russia. It weighs 1280 kgs.
The Kikksky monastery is known for rare meeting of sacred hallows. They
Are stored in special kivotah (sionah), basically the wooden
Or silver. The majority moshchehranitelnits have the form of the closed
Books which is decorated by the image of the Kikksky Mother of god and faces
The sacred. So, one of moshchehranitelnits contains a brush of a hand of the sacred
Phillip, one more - the head the Cyprian sacred John Potamitisa.
("The Fair chapter, - Ivan specifies. - to say and write it is necessary
Only so ".).
Despite four fires which it was possible to go through
To monastery, the big collection of sewing here was saved
poslevizantijskogo the period. The most beautiful sample considers
The Shroud of the Savior embroidered in gold (1703).
All scene of gravestone crying is embroidered on a red background gold and
Silver threads and wire, and the bared parts of bodies
Colours of wheat, are passed by threads thin.
From orthodox Georgia has entered a monastery gift of tsar Iraklija
II and his wives Daredzhany. It is a cover from the Sacred Kikksky icon
(1780).
Ivan pays our attention on wooden, finished with a bone
kivot the Sacred icon of Kikksky Divine Mother. It is executed in
The islamo-Arabian style also it is decorated vegetative and geometrical
Motives, and also Christian symbols. This job of 1785
Is an example coexistence and interactions of two worlds.
Ivan conducts us in a small room of a museum. In it
The octagonal premise topped with a dome have found the shelter
Exhibits from parchment and a paper. These are manuscripts with illustrations and
Without them, documents and books which were published by a monastery, paper
Icons and the press. The oldest is the Diurnal from parchment
Times of the basis of a monastery (XII century), used up from two parties,
In the length 4,1 metres. It comprises the text of the Divine liturgy.
Together with father Isajja we go to a temple where it is stored
Invaluable relic - an icon of Divine Mother for the sake of which it is created
Monastery.
The temple was in the beginning wooden, as well as all monastic complex,
But wooden structures fell prey often of fires, which
With 1365 for 1541 have caused an irreplaceable damage to a monastery, while
It have not updated capitally, with stone use. However fires
Happened and later - in 1751 and 1813. They have carried away
Human lives, have destroyed an interior of a temple, a cell of monks and
Guest premises, have ruined fruits of spiritual work and product
The arts which have been saved up within centuries, have incinerated
Unique manuscripts and historical documents. But here that
Surprisingly - how much fires and opustosheny happened,
The sacred icon has not suffered.
The present iconostasis has been created in 1755. The well-known icon
Is in the centre of an iconostasis to the left of an imperial gate - the third on
To the bill. It is known and as Presvjataja Virgin Eleusa (a source
Mercies). On it the Maiden holding the baby is represented Presvjataja
The Christ the right hand (from here one more name - Divine Mater
pravoruchnaja). The icon is covered by the silver and gold salary.
Feature of an icon that it is hidden under a cover which
Never acts in film, - since it have brought to Cyprus.
Father Isajja approaches to an icon, kisses a cover and is christened.
- If it nobody saw, whence it is known, that it
pravoruchnaja? - We ask.
- So after all the apostle of the Onion has made a copy...
Under the legend the emperor of Byzantium Alex, giving the liked
Icon to eremite Isaje, has disposed: as it now not
Can contemplate it let and anybody it does not see.
In the religious literature there is such episode. In 1669
The patriarch of Alexandria Gerasim has dared to raise a cover, that
To see a face of Divine Mother, but has been punished for the blasphemous
The act also has been compelled with tears on eyes to ask from the God
Pardon. Russian monk Vasily Barsky who has visited a monastery in
1735, writes, that monks removed a cover from an icon only in
Time of the most severe drought, preliminary having transferred it on the next
Top which began to be called Troni (throne) where they
Served special moleben. They did it, not looking on its face,
Turned to the sky.
However, father Isajja has given out us a secret: there is a small aperture
In a cover in which is permitted to look to the archbishop of Cyprus and
To hierarches from Russia. But in this aperture it is possible to see only a part
Attires Presvjatoj of the Maiden, instead of its face.
In a temple it is possible to see podnoshenija, testifying to miracles
The mother of god.
So, for example, the "sword" part has been presented to a temple as
The certificate of rescue from correct б destruction of seamen from the ship, boards
Which have been punched by huge sword-fish in 1718. Once
A certain Negro nechestivets has tried to make blasphemy over
Icon, and its hand has withered. This dried up mumifitsirovannaja a hand
(Or its similarity?) is today near to the Sacred icon, that
To remind of the happened.
The icon uses such glory on Cyprus and in other countries, that
The stream of pilgrims to it constantly grows. Believing, visiting
Monastery, ask the Virgin to cure them or to allow forces to overcome
Vital tests. Legends say, that thanks to the Sacred icon
Were rescued suffering ship-wreck, childless women gave birth, and
Patients recovered. Inhabitants of island sometimes ask monks
To transfer an icon to their villages for consecration as believe, that
Its one presence it is enough to stop
Distribution of infectious illnesses, epidemics, mora and others
Disasters. Especially closely Sacred icon is connected with a drought.
Historical sources mark molebny in connection with applications to
Her about intermediary that heavenly streams have spilt on the earth.
During Turkish sovereignty for icon carrying out for limits
Monastery and religious procession fulfilment it was required corresponding
About which Christians submitted the permission, the application in advance. Sometimes
In it refused, and then they had to reach to most
The sultan.
We have visited and on Troni where the throne of the Mother of god is placed. On
This majestic eminence is located an icon during time molebnov
- Face to the sky.
Near to a throne of the Mother of god there is a tomb of the first
The president of Republic Cyprus, archbishop Makariosa III, which
Was the novice of the Kikksky monastery and bequeathed to bury itself
Here.
Our trip to a sacred monastery has come to the end with a dinner which has given
Monastery in one of nearby farmsteads. In trapeznoj were
Tables (we have arrived with the big delay, us are in advance covered
Patiently waited) with the big stock of places, probably, on a case
Uninvited visitors. Or the monastic brotherhood should approach.
Father Isajja, all in black, sat at the head of a table. It also has opened
Banquet, that is dinner. Behind a table of all was much - vodka, wine,
Snack.
Soon and at journalists eyes have played, there was a flush - as
And at our father. Served us of the girl whom it is quite good
Understood in Russian. One of them, the Barbarian, the Greek woman on
Nationalities, has arrived to Cyprus two years ago from our country,
It was glad to a meeting with us, has complained: "I Miss across Russia".
Pathos.
Having had a dinner in a farmstead of the Kikksky monastery, we have gone in
Pathos - a resort city at sea coast.
Really Cyprus - surprising, fantastic island! A museum under
The open sky. Here all - history. Behind a window of the bus ruins
Fortresses and locks, temples and monasteries - mute eyewitnesses of fights and
Campaigns, devastating attacks and wearisome sieges. At their walls
Time and again battles between Cypriotes and numerous were played
Conquerors...
Along all pafosskogo coasts on many kilometres - hotels,
Campings, rest houses,
Resorts, beaches, playgrounds. I have written down in the journalistic
Notebook some names - "the Sports centre of the Aphrodite",
"Tennis court", hotels "п п?п?п п п п я ", "Pafossky coast","Venus
Scourge "(all - five asterisks)," Alexander the Great "," the Aloe ",
"Avanti", "Kipria Maris", "the Pioneer a scourge" (four asterisks),
"Avlida", "Dionisy", "Kassos", "Melina", "Veronica", "Feofano",
"Novel", "the Phaeton a scourge" (three asterisks). I have listed only small
Shred of the hotels freely stretched on gold the sea
To coast. Even in the winter having a rest here more than aboriginals,
And about summer and to speak there is nothing.
In city centre - picturesque fishing harbour and a fortress in
Environment of several cafes and taverns.
Pathos was the first city which has accepted Christian religion.
The island was a province of Sacred Roman empire, when in 45 year
Our era the governor of Cyprus sitting in Pathos Paul Sergiu was
It is turned into Christianity by Sacred Paul and became the first Christian
The governor in the world.
Hotel "the Phaeton a scourge" - as if an ant hill. The huge hall is filled
People scurrying about there-here. Someone leaves, someone comes,
Someone has lost the child, and here the motley group hurries on excursion,
The bus shivers from impatience. We are met by the Russian-speaking
The attendant of hotel, gives a bunch of keys from numbers - understand
To whom what, but does not hurry up to release. At first to everyone
The green paper ringlet is put on a hand (then I will tell,
What for), and then to us bring glasses with champagne - with arrival!
A little one - take still! It is Pathos, it is "Phaeton"!
Quickly we disperse under numbers, half an hour on resulting
Itself in an order, - and again in a way! Ahead a banquet with the mayor of a city
Pathos.
At restaurant for us waited in eight evenings, we have arrived at 21.30.
Thought: well everything, will not wait us the mayor, and will leave, having remembered the bad
Word of unessential and mad Russian journalists. But is not present,
Has waited. High, harmonous, in a strict suit (it is necessary, so much
Time it was soared in him at more than thirty-degree heat!),
Fidijas Sarikos radiated continuous goodwill, wasted
Smiles also kissed to ladies of the handle.
It was noisy and is cheerful - we did not need to be warmed up, and we
Joyfully responded to any witty (and uningenious)
Word. The first toast was, of course, said by the mayor. Well, and then ours
The turn has come. And as everyone held apart from desire
To act and there was such wonderful, solar mood, a banquet
Has ended at a distant day. In end of evening have presented to the mayor
prezenty. I have presented an album "Kazan". It is remembered, has told the such
Words:
- In capital of Tatarstan there live Tatars and Russian, that is
Moslems and orthodox. Live amicably, them never will divide
Barbed wire that and to your city it is desirable.
Next morning has woken up in the single room, left on a balcony -
First of all the big open pool was evident,
Round it an emerald grass, and in several metres - the sea, a beach,
Umbrellas, summer cafe, naked bodies. It is impossible to pass colour of the sea, it
Varies as if in itself - from dark blue, even violet,
To light-turquoise and blue.
This day at us excursion on a city has taken place.
From all Cyprian cities Pathos - most "mobile", it
Some times changed the site. There is a Pale-pathos
(Old Pathos). It was capital of Cyprus in V century to
Our era. Here, in particular, there was a well-known sanctuary
Aphrodites - near that place, where according to the Greek myth the goddess
Love and beauty has appeared from foam sea. This myth has generated
Mass wave of the centuries which have gone through some cults and rituals
In all neighbouring countries. However, from this most interesting
The monument of the Cyprian architecture known in all classical antiquity,
Ruins of the bases and the separate architectural were saved only
Fragments. In Pale-pathos as a result of archeological excavations
The settlement rests pozdnemikenskogo time are found also together with
Necropolis.
By the end of IV century B.C. pafossky tsar Nikoklis in ten
Kilometres from Pale-pathos in a place convenient for the device the sea
Harbours, the new city - Nea-pathos has based and has transferred there the
Capital. Nea-pathos was to the west of Pale-pathos, nearby to
Modern Pathos. Excavation here is strongly complicated, as
On a part of territory of an antique city the modern settles down
Settlement Kato-pathos (the Bottom Pathos). Nevertheless archeologists
Carry out here intensive researches, as Nea-pathos
It is extraordinary rich with antiquity monuments. Who knows, maybe,
Here the original history of mankind is hidden. Not casually
The city is switched on in the UNESCO catalogue of "world civilisation Treasure" and
The list of a world cultural heritage.
Defensive works surrounding a city are dug out,
Serf gate, variety cut in rocks underground
The premises which purpose experts are at a loss
To establish. It is supposed, what is it barracks of the soldiers protecting
City gate, but originally they, possibly, were used
As sanctuaries and underground temples in honour of the Cyprian deities.
Among underground constructions in Pathos the greatest interest
Represent the so-called imperial tombs opened in the northern
Necropolis. When you go down under the earth and you see these columns,
Monumental tombs, and also the become empty niches, from which
Hallows are withdrawn, and understand, that you have adjoined to Eternity, -
The chill runs on a back... According to archeologists, these
Burials should be dated the third century B.C. - they
Are built 300 years prior to a birth of the Christ!
At coast nearby to Kato-pathos the antique is found out
Theatre with saved fourteen rows of seats of an amphitheatre.
Scientists consider, that the theatre has been constructed in ellinistichesky the period and
It is reconstructed in III century of our era.
Riches of the Pathos which has reached of the highest blossoming in the Roman
The period, visually shows built in the fifth century to ours
Era "country house Dionisa". It was found out in 1962 by the peasant,
Ploughing the field nearby to pafosskogo a beacon. A plough for something
It was hooked, the peasant began to release it is and has suddenly found out
Stone floor with mosaic pictures of marvellous beauty.
Then archeologists, and now that remains from here have come
Palace, it is covered by construction with a roof, lateral walls, planked footway
Inside for tourists. The palace amazes with the sizes - the area
It about two thousand square metres! To look at this
Amazing mosaic by which all area of a palace is laid out,
There come tourists from all world. Mosaic floor pictures
Represent scenes from a life of the Greek god of wine growing and
Winemaking Dionisa (from here and the palace name), and in everyone
To room, including in where there lived servants, even in a bath,
The pictures. And each of them is collected from the multi-coloured
The ground stones. Here skill of the artist is not simple, and
Extreme, really a hard labour.
Near to country house Dionisa there is "house Teseja" - opened in
1966 expedition of the Polish archeologists the rests of the bases
Huge, the area not less than six thousand square metres,
The palace which had suites of spacious inhabited and smart premises,
Which floors also are decorated by mosaic panels from the multi-coloured
Stones. In this palace baths, pantries, kitchen took places also
Premises, the court yard surrounded with colonnades of porticoes. The house is named
On a magnificent mosaic which has received wide popularity,
Representing fight of legendary Athenian tsar Teseja (Tezeja) with
Minotaur. Archeologists have put forward a hypothesis, according to which here
There was a palace destroyed by earthquake of Roman proconsuls,
Which corrected Cyprus from 58 BC for 395 AD
Our excursion because of shortage of time planned calling only
On country house Dionisa but as it is possible to miss an opportunity to visit on
Ruins of palace Teseja, then all life of you will reproach, and we
With the editor-in-chief of the newspaper "Soviet Chuvashiya" Afrikanom
Germanovichem Solovevym, not less inquisitive, than the author of these
Lines, have separated from group and have gone under the index to palace Teseja.
Mosaic pictures are really amazing, the rests of columns,
The base amaze imagination, but My God! - all it
The majestic creation of human hands is under the opened
The sky, it is protected by nothing neither from a wind, nor from a rain, from the dashing
The person.
Any fan of antiquities without ceremony can nakovyrjat
Bag of these multi-coloured mosaic stones and at home to lay out
Picture. If this palace have found out somewhere in the USA, so
Americans, I do not know, probably, a tent from gold over it
Have built. They do not have such history, and consequently they over everyone
Crock shiver, and here, on Cyprus, history in literal sense
Underfoot rolls.
And can, it is elementary carelessness of the people tired
The sun and own centuries-old biography?
In several kilometres to the east of Pale-pathos are found out
The rests arisen in VIII century B.C. sanctuaries
Apollo Gilata who was since olden days esteemed on island. Here
There were cult buildings framed with columns, premises for
Pilgrims, for rest and disguise of athletes, and also palestra,
In which sports meets in honour of Apollo were spent.
In two kilometres to the east of Apollo's sanctuary on the sea
Coast ruins Kuriona, one of the most ancient Cyprian are dug out
Cities. The life here has begun during a Mycenaean epoch, but blossoming
The city has reached during the Roman period. Kurion has been found out in
The nineteenth century, regular excavation has begun here in
1933 also proceed to this day. From city building
Kuriona the bases, fragments were saved mainly
Mosaic floor panels, and also the bottom parts of walls. Considerably
It was better saved repeatedly reconstructed in the antique
Times theatre Kuriona. It contained to three and a half thousand
Spectators. Now in each summer within the limits of festival Ancient Greek
Dramas in ancient amphitheatres Kuriona and Pathos open-air
Representations are arranged. Numerous tourists and visitors of Cyprus
Have possibility to meet modern interpretations
Tragedies Eshila, Sofokla, Evripida, comedies Aristofana.
Last point of our route on sights
Pathos there was Sacred Paraskeva's unique church.
It is constructed in the ninth century, the list of the fourteenth was saved
Centuries. But time has ruthlessly decoloured paints.
Larnaka.
"Larnaka - an excellent resort. At us you will find all:
Magnificent hotels and apartments, perfect beaches, green
Parks and gardens, slow promenades framed with palm trees,
Inviting cafes, the shops offering a wide choice local and
The import goods, abundance of night entertainments for all tastes -
Bars, clubs, discos. Come and participate! "- offered
The colourful booklet. We have arrived and have participated - which in what. And
Were convinced: in advertising leaves - all the truth. "Promenades" were
Are really framed by palm avenues, and located on
Cafe quay were so "inviting", that we became
To avoid them.
Owners of cafe stood in the street and hardly probable not for a sleeve sufficed,
That we at them had a bite.
- Our city has given to the world of great philosopher Zenona, - with pride
The mayor of Larnaka georgios Likurgos has told. - Its portrait is entered in ours
Municipal emblem. And near to the mayoralty, on quay,
The monument to this philosopher is established.
Really, Zenon is outstanding Ancient Greek
The thinker which name is known to each formed person,
As school founder stoikov and stoicism - one of directions
In philosophy. Its ideas inspired many great people. In
Particulars, Seneku, Epikteta, Mark Avrelija. And if in
Encyclopaedias and special directories it is not given the exact
The answer when was born and has died Zenon Larnaka do not doubt:
Was born in 336 and has died in Athenes it (was hung up) in 264 year to ours
Era. But there is one zakavyka.
- As textbooks and directories affirms, that Zenon was born in
The city of Kitione, it even call so - Zenon Kitionsky, and you,
Mister Likurgos, name Larnaka, - there was among us an expert
Ancient Greek philosophy.
- Kition is an ancient name of Larnaka, - the mayor has responded.
With the mayor it was possible to argue, as before a trip in
We have read Larnaka, that Kition is an antique city, on a place
Which modern Larnaka is located. But, probably, Kition
So "smoothly", without any historical breaks has passed the
The name to late settlement, as is not present sense to speak about the different
Cities.
In Larnaka there is an archaeological museum, where the majority
Exhibits make the subjects found at excavation Kitiona.
But the museum has also a collection of finds of an epoch of a neolith from
Hirokitii, the most ancient on Cyprus settlements. In the beginning was considered, that
This settlement existed approximately in 5800-5250 years to
Our era, but excavation of last years give the basis to confirm,
That a time barrier it is necessary to remove deep into histories to 6800
A year B.C. On an abundance of finds and their safety settlement in
Hirokitii is unique among monuments of an epoch of a neolith.
It is revealed over hundred uleobraznyh round dwellings with conic
The roof, standing on the stone bases. By places were saved
Walls from clay or not burnt brick.
The property and provisions were stored in semicircular extensions.
Closed by animal skins or fragments of a tree an aperture in
To wall served as an input in dwelling. Died buried under the clay
Floor or nearby from the house. The numerous found in tombs
Tools of work from volcanic glass, a bone and a stone, stone
Ware, various ornaments, flat stone figures of idols
Allow to assert, that on island in those days existed
Advanced neoliticheskaja culture. Islanders already then
Were able to process carefully a stone and a tree, they knew
Spinning and weaving. Stone vessels from Hirokitii it is irreproachable
Are ground, some of them are decorated by a plain ornament.
The most ancient monuments kipr-skoj sculptures are
The flat stone idols representing people and animals in
To obobshchenno-abstract manner.
The abundance of ancient monuments on Cyprus long since drew attention
As "hunters behind treasures", and researchers, among
Which there were many laymans actually not familiar with scientific
Techniques of carrying out of excavation. As the known testified
The Swiss traveller and the collector of the sixteenth century
Jodikus de Meggen, at robbers of the Cyprian tombs it has got
Many the most valuable products of ancient art.
Irreparable loss to many monuments of an antiquity has put in
1865-1877 a series of excavation, which amateurish methods
The American consul in Larnaka general L.Chesnoloj spent. It
Has collected the richest collection of the Cyprian antiquities, which
Subsequently it has been bought by the New York Underground-museum and
Occupies there now a place of honour.
Considerable quantity of ancient exhibits from Cyprus have
Also the British museum in London and the Parisian Louvre. The government
Cyprus, separate establishments and persons undertake nowadays the considerable
Efforts to get out from abroad the curiosities taken out there.
To our measures Larnaka - an average city, even small town, and here
Mayor Georgios Likurgos with pride has said: "At us 55 thousand
Inhabitants ". It is roughly growing city, which in the last
Decades it was intensively built up with modern buildings. And if
In the mid-seventies the population of Larnaka made 35 thousand, in
The beginning 90 - 45 thousand for last 7-8 years it has increased
On ten thousand. In a city new office buildings have grown,
Offices of banks and firms as in vicinities of Larnaka arose
The industrial zone largest on Cyprus.
The majority of apartment houses in Larnaka, as well as in other cities, -
These are structures of average etazhnosti, with the wide windows passing
It is a lot of light and air, but shaded from the sun the deep
Balconies and loggias which usually surround all floors. The first
Floor, as a rule, uninhabited (here there are shops, offices
Various trading firms, the industrial companies, establishments,
Warehouses, garages, etc.) and consequently readout of floors in the house begins
From the second. Buildings raised etazhnosti and modern
On Cyprus it is not enough cosmopolitan architecture. City dwellers
Here prefer not to an apartment house, and small
To two-storeyed cottage. On the ground floor usually settle down
Drawing room, kitchen, table, a zone of rest and serving premises.
Bedrooms are on the second floor. About the house the garden breaks or
The flower bed, is sometimes constructed pool. In a lay-out and registration
Such private residences elements of the traditional are widely used
The Cyprian architecture:
The ground floor laying is carried out from the raw natural
Stone, the inclined tile roof, on the second floor is arranged
The external wooden or stone ladder, balcony of the second conducts
Floor support wooden or stone columns.
Evgenie LISIN.
(The termination follows).
<$>
//* an information Source: Republic Tatarstan, 6.09.01
//* Reg. Nom. - 1110900003.06-------------------------------------------
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